By Ruth Francis-Floyd and Craig Watson, University of Florida - Ammonia is a major metabolic waste product from fish. It is excreted across the gill membranes and in the urine. The primary source of ammonia in aquaculture systems is fish feed.
By Dave Cockerill, the Fish Vet Group - In recent years spinal deformity has become an increasingly important condition for salmon producers and especially processors. Some populations are virtually unaffected, but the incidence of deformity can be above 30%, …
By Intervet - The development and manufacture of vaccines for aquatic species which perform consistently to closely defined standards is a complex process involving more than 100 developmental steps, and an expensive and lengthy large scale production, testing…
