Mississippi Ag Commodities Post Record Values

Mississippi State University Extension Service economists compiled the numbers from poultry, forestry, agronomic crops, catfish and livestock for the annual value estimate. If government payments are factored in, the state’s value of production reaches $7 billion for the first time in history.

Extension agricultural economist John Michael Riley said the record is a result of high yields and strong market prices for most commodities in 2011.

"Livestock and the major row crops had strong markets during the year," Dr Riley said. "But farmers did not get a break in the cost of production. Land prices, chemical prices, labor costs, fuel, energy and equipment are all increasing each year."

The state’s top three commodities remain poultry and eggs ($2.44 billion), forestry ($1.04 billion) and soybeans ($860 million). Their values changed little from 2010.

The biggest changes occurred in some of the smaller crops. Compared to 2010, the No. 15 crop - grain sorghum - is predicted to increase 653 per cent in value. The No. 10 crop - wheat - will increase 492 per cent in value. Cotton will increase 63 per cent, and corn will increase 42 per cent.

"A minor acreage change in a smaller crop will look like a big change," said Erick Larson, Extension small grains specialist. "Growers planted 52,000 acres of grain sorghum and averaged 75 bushels per acre, which were significant increases from 2010, when growers planted 12,000 acres and averaged 65 bushels per acre."

Mr Larson said drought conditions in 2010 prompted growers to increase their acreage of grain sorghum because it is more drought-tolerant than corn. Corn acres also increased from 750,000 to 820,000 in 2011, but yields declined from an average of 136 bushels per acre in 2010 to 118 bushels per acre in 2011.

"The 2011 corn crop had a stressful – hot and dry – year. From mid-May through July, corn is more susceptible to drought stress. The high nighttime temperatures in June reduced yields of even irrigated corn. Plus, we lost about 40,000 acres to Mississippi River flooding and backwater," Mr Larson said. "Corn acreage should be steady for the next growing season despite posting the lowest yields in five years."

Corn ranked fifth among the state’s agricultural commodities with an estimated value of $595 million.

"For wheat, prices were a big reason for increased acreage. If the fall had not been so dry in 2010 and more seed had been available, growers might have planted even more," he said. "Mississippi farmers planted 360,000 acres of winter wheat and averaged a record 64 bushels per acre. Both were increases over 2010, when they planted 125,000 acres and averaged 47 bushels per acre. We had about 12,000 acres destroyed or damaged from the record Mississippi River flooding in 2011."

Wheat’s 2011 estimated value is $127 million. Mr Larson predicts wheat acreage to exceed 400,000 for the coming season.

Cotton lint is posting a 60 per cent increase, and cotton seed is posting an 88 per cent increase in value. The combined cotton value is $599 million, placing it in the No. 4 spot. Mississippi growers planted 630,000 acres and averaged 952 pounds per acre. In 2010, they planted 420,000 acres and averaged 993 pounds per acre, which was the second highest yield on record.

At No. 6, catfish is expected to post a two per cent increase to $222 million. Stockers declined 31 per cent, but catfish, fingerlings and fry increased between three and five per cent.

All of the state’s 2011 livestock categories are predicted to increase in value. At No. 7, cattle/calves are forecast at $155 million, up four per cent. Hay production, the No. 9 commodity, is valued at $138 million, up 24 per cent. At No. 11, hog values are estimated at $104 million, up 30 per cent. Milk is the No. 14 commodity with a value of $42 million, up two per cent.

The No. 8 commodity, rice, had one of the more significant declines of the year. The 2011 value estimate is $153 million, down 33 per cent from $226 million the previous year.

Extension rice specialist Nathan Buehring said most of the decline in value can be explained by reduced acreage.

"There was about a 50 per cent reduction in rice acres from 2010 to 2011, but yields and prices were somewhat higher in 2011 than in 2010, which is why the total value is not cut by 50 per cent," he said. "Rice growers planted 155,000 acres and averaged 7,100 pounds per acre in 2011, down from 305,000 acres but a yield improvement from the 6,850 pounds per acre in 2010."

The No. 12 commodity is horticultural and specialty crops, valued at $94 million, up 2 per cent.

A record 22,000 acres of sweet potatoes, the state’s No. 13 crop, were planted in Mississippi in 2011. According to the Mississippi Sweet Potato Council, growers averaged 275 field packs (50 pounds each) per acre. In 2010, they planted 21,000 acres and averaged 285 field packs per acre.

Peanuts rounded out the state’s agricultural commodities in the No. 16 spot, with an estimated value of $16 million. Growers planted 16,000 acres in 2011, continuing a decline since the peak of 22,000 acres in 2008. Yields tied the 2008 record of 3,900 pounds per acre, a 400-pound increase from the previous year.