Once it enters into force, it will be the first legally binding international treaty focused specifically on this problem. It will also be the only one to enlist so-called "non-flag states" in the fight against IUU fishing, alongside flag states that are primarily responsible for the conduct of vessels flying their flags on the high seas.
The "Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing" is set to enter into force once 25 countries have ratified it.
The first 11 FAO members—Angola, Brazil, Chile, the European Community, Indonesia, Iceland, Norway, Samoa, Sierra Leone, the United States and Uruguay—signed the treaty immediately following its approval by the Conference.
By signing the treaty, governments commit themselves to prevent, deter and eventually eliminate IUU fishing including by taking steps to guard their ports against vessels engaged in IUU fishing, thereby preventing fish from such vessels from entering international markets.
This is the most significant international treaty dealing with fisheries since the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement," said Ichiro Nomura, Assistant Director-General of FAO's Fisheries Department.
"It's a milestone achievement—no longer will we solely rely on the ability of fishing nations to monitor behaviour by vessels flying their flags on the open waters of the oceans—now countries are committing to taking steps to identify, report and deny entry to offenders at ports where fishing fleets are received. That's a key back-door that will be slammed shut with the new international treaty," he added.
By ignoring responsible management, IUU fishing damages the productivity of fisheries and could lead to their collapse. That's a serious problem for the people who depend on these resources for food and income.
Operating without proper authorisation, catching protected species, using outlawed types of gear or disregarding catch quotas are among the most common IUU fishing activities.
While there are ways to combat IUU fishing at sea, they are often expensive and for developing countries, they can be difficult to implement, given the large ocean spaces that need to be monitored and the costs of the required technology.
As a result, port state measures are widely viewed as one of the best and most efficient ways to fight IUU fishing.
Key measures that port States signing the treaty will commit to include:
- Foreign fishing vessels wishing to dock will be required to request permission from designated ports ahead of time, transmitting information on their activities and the fish they have on board. This will give authorities an opportunity to spot any red flags in advance.
- Port States will conduct regular inspections of ships according to a common set of standards. Reviews of ship papers, surveys of fishing gear, examining catches and checking a ship's records can often reveal if it has engaged in IUU fishing.
- They also must ensure that ports are adequately equipped and inspectors properly trained.
- When a vessel is denied access, port states must communicate that information publicly and national authorities of the country whose flag the vessel is flying must take follow-up action.
These measures apply to foreign fishing vessels not flying the flag of port states, however countries can apply them to their own fishing fleets as well.
Parties to the agreement are obliged to undertake regular monitoring of compliance, with a major review scheduled to occur four years after the Agreement first takes effect.
