It is believed that aquaculture, in view of its relative resilience, adaptability and the diversity of species raised, may be better equipped to respond to increasing temperatures and other impacts of climate change than other forms of agriculture.
For these reasons, it is often seen as a good alternative source of livelihoods and nutrition for many in the developing world.
However, in order to make the case for greater investment and supporting national policies, there is an urgent need for evidence that highlights aquaculture as a climate-smart adaptation and mitigation alternative.
The paper, Climate Change and Aquatic Animal Disease, by WorldFish senior scientist Chadag Mohan, highlights the risks of increased fish disease as a result of climate change and calls for a mapping of the potential risks and the identification of suitable adaptation and mitigation intervention strategies.
Fish farms in tropical zones, the paper notes, experience higher cumulative mortalities and faster progression of diseases which could be exacerbated by climate change. Disease related losses to the aquaculture industry globally are estimated by the FAO at about $6 billion annually.
With the threat of climate change bringing more disease, the paper notes that there is a need to develop stronger biosecurity governance mechanisms to manage risks associated with spread of aquatic animal pathogens.
Stephen Hall, Director General at WorldFish, said: “4.5 billion people get at least 15 percent of their average per capita intake of animal protein from fish.
"Given that projections suggest that farming of fish will have to double to meet future demand, it is imperative that we gain a better understanding of how climate change will impact the farming of this valuable food crop that has such an important bearing on future global food security.”
The paper also highlights increased salinity and seawater intrusion as an issue with recommendations to invest in breeding programs for salinity adaptation.
It recommends a holistic approach which considers all forms of agriculture in order that the most climate smart systems can be recommended.
